The World Energy Perspective on Non-tariff Measures is the second report in a series looking at how an open global trade and investment regime concerning energy and environmental goods and services can foster the transition to a low-carbon economy. Building on the previous report on tariff barriers to environmental goods, this paper highlights twelve significant non-tariff measures (NTMs) directly affecting the energy industry and investments in this sector. The World Energy Council has identified that these barriers can greatly impact a country’s trilemma performance – the triple challenge of achieving secure, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy systems.